“These casts still use lots of wrist rotations (torque twist)
such as supination, pronation, abduction, and adduction. Some really neat
things can occur mixing them up a bit for varying layouts….”
Gordy,
As a Surgeon would you define the 4 wrist rotations Mac noted
for the Group, In casting instructor language…please! I think I
understand the last 2 and I remember adduction as “adding” the thumb forward
abduction is the opposite ( I hope) … maybe you have a layman’s way of
remembering….
From Mac Brown, (Hi Mac)
“These casts still use lots of wrist rotations (torque twist)
such as supination, pronation, abduction, and adduction. Some really neat
things can occur mixing them up a bit for varying layouts….”
Thanks,
Jim
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Jim....
Here is my
interpretation in simple anatomical terms :
I. Wrist
bends :
a. Adduction is deviating the wrist in the
direction of the thumb.. (Orthopaedists call this "radial deviation") With
most other joints, adduction, in general, means bringing the limb toward the
center of the body.)
b. Abduction is the opposite. (Deviating the
wrist in the direction opposite that of the thumb.("Ulnar deviation") With
most other joints, abduction means bring the limb away from the center of the
body.)
c. Flexion is bending the wrist forward (Toward
the inner side of the elbow.)
d. Extension is bending the wrist backward
(Toward the outer side of the elbow.)
II. "Wrist"
twists :
I placed the word "wrist" in quotations, since
twisting the wrist about an imaginary axis is really mostly rotation of the
forearm.
Wrist "twists" and "torques" can be seen
as the same thing, though I believe engineers may look at torque as a
description of a force applied in rotation.
a. Pronation is turning the hand inward and
down. (As if you were grasping a floor shift knob in a car.)
b. Supination is turning the hand outward and
up. (As if you were reaching to grab a light bulb from a ceiling
fixture.)
Casting
example: One way to make a curve cast with the fly going to your left
when you are right handed is to rapidly twist your wrist inwardly at the
stop. This is pronation. To accentuate the curve, you can then
exaggerate the belly of the layout by immediately afterward, twisting the
wrist to the opposite direction ... outwardly. This is
supination.
If
you are right handed and wish to make a curve with layout so that
the fly goes to the right, then you would rapidly twist the wrist in an outward
direction. This is supination. (Not nearly as easy to do, because we do so
few things that way in life.)
Things get
seemingly complicated when we use compound wrist and forearm movements.
These can be analyzed by noting the various combinations of wrist and forearm
movements .... such as a mixture of wrist adduction and forearm pronation
used by many casters as they make a powered curve cast with a horizontal rod
plane such that the fly goes in the direction opposite that of the casting
arm.
Another
example:
As you know,
Joan Wulff teaches casters to finish the forward stroke with the wrist bent in
the direction opposite that of the thumb (ulnar deviation with no flexion or
extension or rotation.) The wrist ends up in adduction.
At the
conclusion of the back cast, she teaches that the wrist should be straight, with
45 degrees between the rod butt and the forearm. To do that, on the back
cast the caster must bring the wrist out of ulnar deviation to neutral
position. If the student brought the wrist too far in that direction, he'
be abducting it (radial deviation). The angle between the rod butt and the
forearm would increase. This would be a form of "wristing" if it is
accomplished before the stop. (OK and sometimes desirable to do it
after the stop at which point we'd call it "Layback". Along with
back drift, this can accomplish many things including repositioning for the next
cast and increasing available rod arc for that.) *
In the fly
casting literature, the term "wrist flips" can mean many things ... usually
combinations of wrist and forearm movements including flexion, adduction, and
either pronation or supination done rapidly.
*
Joan Wulff's FLY CASTING TECHNIQUES, pp. 26-27.
Gordy